How (historically) presidential are the candidates?

The Democratic candidates running for president have a range of experiences, with some serving in high-profile elected positions, such as vice president, state governor or a U.S. Congress member, while others have held smaller elected roles, such as a city mayor. Still others have never served in public office before. Only four of the Democratic candidates have served in the military, something that more than two-thirds of all presidents in U.S. history have done. Here's how the candidates’ experiences stack up against each other as well as with U.S. presidents throughout history.

31 presidents served in the military

Only four Democratic candidates have served in the armed services

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Buttigieg

Served in the Navy Reserve

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Gabbard

Serves in the Hawaii Army National Guard

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Moulton

Served in the United States Marine Corps

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Sestak

Served in the United States Navy

The vast majority of U.S. presidents came to office as veterans, which included service in state militias and the National Guard. Several presidents were prominent military generals, including George Washington, the commander of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War; Ulysses S. Grant, who commanded the Union troops during the Civil War; and Dwight D. Eisenhower, who led the U.S. Army during World War II. Following the Civil War, a series of veterans, all who fought for the Union, served as president, while the First and Second World Wars brought in another wave of veteran presidents. Recent presidents have had considerably less military experience with Bill Clinton, Barack Obama and Donald Trump never serving in the armed forces, and George W. Bush serving in the Air National Guard but never seeing combat.

25 presidents served as members of Congress

16 Democratic candidates have served in Congress. (Eight in the Senate, 10 in the House, and two in both chambers.)

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Bennet

Senator, Colorado

Biden

Former Senator, Delaware

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Booker

Senator, New Jersey

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Delaney

Former U.S. Representative, Maryland

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Gabbard

U.S. Representative, Hawaii

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Gillibrand

U.S. Representative and Senator, New York

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Harris

Senator, California

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Inslee

Former U.S. Representative, Washington

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Klobuchar

Senator, Minnesota

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Moulton

U.S. Representative, Massachusetts

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O'Rourke

Former U.S. Representative, Texas

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Ryan

U.S. Representative, Ohio

Sanders

Senator, Vermont

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Sestak

Former U.S. Representative, Pennsylvania

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Swalwell

U.S. Representative, California

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Warren

Senator, Massachusetts

Just over half of all U.S. presidents have served in Congress, either in the House, Senate or both. Being a member of Congress has been a popular profession for aspiring presidents since the time of James Madison and through the modern era. The most recent Congress member to win the presidency was Barack Obama, who served in the Senate from 2005-2008.

Congress member is the most common occupation for the current Democratic candidates running for president, with more than two-thirds of them having served in the chamber.

17 presidents had previously served as a state governor

4 Democratic candidates have led their home states

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Bullock

Governor of Montana

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Hickenlooper

Former governor of Colorado

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Inslee

Governor of Washington state

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Patrick

Former governor of Massachusetts

More than a third of all presidents have served as a state governor, gaining experience in how to run a government bureaucracy and interact with a legislature. The first governor to win the White House was Thomas Jefferson from the state of Virginia, who took office in 1801. In recent years, it has become even more common for a governor to become president, with four out of the past seven presidents hailing from their state’s top executive position: Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush.

3 Presidents also served as mayor of a city

8 Democratic candidates are either current or former city mayors

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Bloomberg

Mayor of New York City, 2002 - 2013

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Booker

Mayor of Newark, New Jersey, 2006-2013

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Buttigieg

Mayor of South Bend, Indiana, since 2012

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Castro

Mayor of San Antonio, Texas, 2009-2014

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de Blasio

Mayor of New York City, since 2014

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Hickenlooper

Mayor of Denver, Colorado, 2003-2011

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Messam

Mayor of Miramar, Florida, since 2015

Sanders

Mayor of Burlington, Vermont, 1981-1989

Only three previous presidents have also served as a mayor, and none of them went directly from the mayor’s office to the White House. Andrew Johnson was mayor of Greeneville, Tennessee; Grover Cleveland served as mayor of Buffalo, New York; and Calvin Coolidge led the city of Northampton, Massachusetts. All of them went on to serve as state governors before becoming president.

The Democratic candidates who have served as mayor have presided over cities of varying sizes, ranging from Burlington, Vermont (population 42,000), where Bernie Sanders was mayor from 1981-1989, to New York City (population 8.6 million), where Bill de Blasio is the current mayor.

14 presidents initially served as vice president

Biden is the only candidate who has served as VP

Biden

Of the 14 vice presidents who assumed the presidency, eight of them did so because of the death of a president, while one of them (Gerald Ford) took office after the resignation of a president (Richard Nixon). While having served as vice president is generally seen as an asset to winning a presidential election, several recent vice presidents were unable to capture the White House, including Bill Clinton’s vice president, Al Gore, and Jimmy Carter’s vice president, Walter Mondale. Former Vice President Joe Biden, who served under Barack Obama, is trying to capture the presidency after waiting out a term. The only other person to do this is Richard Nixon, who served as Dwight D. Eisenhower’s vice president from 1953-1961 but did not win the presidency until 1968.

8 presidents served as Cabinet secretaries

Castro is the only Democratic candidate to serve as a Cabinet secretary

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Castro

Of the eight presidents who served as Cabinet secretaries, six of them served as secretary of state, including the nation’s first Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson. In the early 1800s, the position was considered a launching pad to the presidency, but after James Buchanan was secretary of state from 1845 to 1849 and later assumed the presidency, no other president has served in both roles. Nowadays, Cabinet positions are no longer seen as a pathway to the presidency, with only two other Cabinet secretaries – Taft who was secretary of war and Hoover who served as commerce secretary – ever assuming the presidency.

Democratic candidate Julian Castro was secretary of Housing and Urban Development under President Barack Obama.

6 presidents had never served in publicly elected office prior to serving in the Oval Office

3 Democratic candidates have no elected experience

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Steyer

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Williamson

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Yang

Of the six presidents who have no previous political experience, three of them were military generals: Zachary Taylor, Ulysses S. Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Herbert Hoover was a mining engineer who made millions while William Howard Taft was an attorney and judge who, after his presidency, became a Supreme Court justice. The most recent president who never held a publicity elected office prior to entering the White House is Donald Trump, a billionaire businessman.

Of the current Democratic candidates, three have no political experience: businessmen Tom Steyer and Andrew Yang, and Marianne Williamson, author of a dozen self-help and spiritually focused books.